Purgatorio
Canto XIX
Dante’s dream of the Siren—The Fifth Circle—The Avaricious and Prodigal—Pope Adrian V.
It was the hour when the diurnal heat1No more can warm the coldness of the moon,Vanquished by earth, or peradventure Saturn,2When geomancers their Fortuna Major3See in the orient before the dawnRise by a path that long remains not dim,4There came to me in dreams a stammering woman,5Squint in her eyes, and in her feet distorted,With hands dissevered and of sallow hue.I looked at her; and as the sun restoresThe frigid members which the night benumbs,Even thus my gaze did render volubleHer tongue, and made her all erect thereafterIn little while, and the lost countenanceAs love desires it so in her did color.When in this wise she had her speech unloosed,She ’gan to sing so, that with difficultyCould I have turned my thoughts away from her.“I am,” she sang, “I am the Siren sweetWho mariners amid the main unman,So full am I of pleasantness to hear.I drew Ulysses from his wandering wayUnto my song, and he who dwells with meSeldom departs so wholly I content him.”Her mouth was not yet closed again, beforeAppeared a Lady saintly and alertClose at my side to put her to confusion.“Virgilius, O Virgilius! who is this?”Sternly she said; and he was drawing nearWith eyes still fixed upon that modest one.She seized the other and in front laid open,Rending her garments, and her belly showed me;This waked me with the stench that issued from it.I turned mine eyes, and good Virgilius said:“At least thrice have I called thee; rise and come;Find we the opening by which thou mayst enter.”I rose; and full already of high dayWere all the circles of the Sacred Mountain,And with the new sun at our back we went.Following behind him, I my forehead boreLike unto one who has it laden with thought,Who makes himself the half arch of a bridge,When I heard say, “Come, here the passage is,”Spoken in a manner gentle and benign,Such as we hear not in this mortal region.With open wings, which of a swan appeared,Upward he turned us who thus spake to us,Between the two walls of the solid granite.He moved his pinions afterwards and fanned us,Affirming those qui lugent to be blessed,For they shall have their souls with comfort filled.6“What aileth thee, that aye to earth thou gazest?”To me my Guide began to say, we bothSomewhat beyond the Angel having mounted.And I: “With such misgiving makes me goA vision new, which bends me to itself,So that I cannot from the thought withdraw me.”“Didst thou behold,” he said, “that old enchantress,Who sole above us henceforth is lamented?7Didst thou behold how man is freed from her?Suffice it thee, and smite earth with thy heels,8Thine eyes lift upward to the lure, that whirlsThe Eternal King with revolutions vast.”Even as the hawk, that first his feet surveys,Then turns him to the call and stretches forward,Through the desire of food that draws him thither,Such I became, and such, as far as cleavesThe rock to give a way to him who mounts,Went on to where the circling doth begin.On the fifth circle when I had come forth,People I saw upon it who were weeping,Stretched prone upon the ground, all downward turned.“Adhaesit pavimento anima mea,”9I heard them say with sighings so profound,That hardly could the words be understood.“O ye elect of God, whose sufferingsJustice and Hope both render less severe,Direct ye us towards the high ascents.”“If ye are come secure from this prostration,And wish to find the way most speedily,Let your right hands be evermore outside.”Thus did the Poet ask, and thus was answeredBy them somewhat in front of us; whence IIn what was spoken divined the rest concealed,And unto my Lord’s eyes mine eyes I turned;Whence he assented with a cheerful signTo what the sight of my desire implored.When of myself I could dispose at will,Above that creature did I draw myself,Whose words before had caused me to take note,Saying: “O Spirit, in whom weeping ripensThat without which to God we cannot turn,Suspend awhile for me thy greater care.Who wast thou, and why are your backs turned upwards,Tell me, and if thou wouldst that I procure theeAnything there whence living I departed.”And he to me: “Wherefore our backs the heavenTurns to itself, know shalt thou; but beforehandScias quod ego fui successor Petri.10Between Siestri and Chiaveri descendsA river beautiful, and of its nameThe title of my blood its summit makes.A month and little more essayed I howWeighs the great cloak on him from mire who keeps it;For all the other burdens seem a feather.Tardy, ah woe is me! was my conversion;But when the Roman Shepherd I was made,Then I discovered life to be a lie.I saw that there the heart was not at rest,Nor farther in that life could one ascend;Whereby the love of this was kindled in me.Until that time a wretched soul and partedFrom God was I, and wholly avaricious;Now, as thou seest, I here am punished for it.What avarice does is here made manifestIn the purgation of these souls converted,And no more bitter pain the Mountain has.Even as our eye did not uplift itselfAloft, being fastened upon earthly things,So justice here has merged it in the earth.As avarice had extinguished our affectionFor every good, whereby was action lost,So justice here doth hold us in restraint,Bound and imprisoned by the feet and hands;And so long as it pleases the just LordShall we remain immovable and prostrate.”I on my knees had fallen, and wished to speak;But even as I began, and he was ’ware,Only by listening, of my reverence,“What cause,” he said, “has downward bent thee thus?”And I to him: “For your own dignity,Standing, my conscience stung me with remorse.”“Straighten thy legs, and upward raise thee, brother,”He answered: “Err not, fellow-servant am I11With thee and with the others to one power.If e’er that holy, evangelic sound,Which sayeth neque nubent, thou hast heard,12Well canst thou see why in this wise I speak.Now go; no longer will I have thee linger,Because thy stay doth incommode my weeping,With which I ripen that which thou hast said.13On earth I have a grandchild named Alagia,14Good in herself, unless indeed our houseMalevolent may make her by example,And she alone remains to me on earth.”
- The ascent to the Fifth Circle, where Avarice is punished. It is the dawn of the Third Day. ↩
- Brunetto Latini, Tresor, Ch. CXI:— “Saturn, who is sovereign over all, is cruel and malign and of a cold nature.” ↩
- Geomancy is divination by points in the ground, or pebbles arranged in certain figures, which have peculiar names. Among these is the figure called the Fortuna Major, which is thus drawn:— and which by an effort of imagination can also be formed out of some of the last stars of Aquarius, and some of the first of Pisces. Chaucer, Troil. and Cres., III 1415:— “But whan the cocke, commune astrologer, / Gan on his brest to bete and after crowe, / And Lucifer, the dayes messanger, / Gan for to rise and out his hemes throwe, / And estward rose, to him that could it knowe, / Fortuna Major.” ↩
- Because the sun is following close behind. ↩
- This “stammering woman” of Dante’s dream is Sensual Pleasure, which the imagination of the beholder adorns with a thousand charms. The “lady saintly and alert” is Reason, the same that tied Ulysses to the mast, and stopped the ears of his sailors with wax that they might not hear the song of the Sirens. Gower, Confessio Amantis, I:— “Of such nature / They ben, that with so swete a steven / Like to the melodic of heven / In womannishe vois they singe / With notes of so great likinge, / Of suche mesure, of suche musike, / Wherof the shippes they beswike / That passen by the costes there. / For whan the shipmen lay an ere / Unto the vois, in here airs / They wene it be a paradis, / Which after is to hem an helle.” ↩
- “That is,” says Buti, “they shall have the gift of comforting their souls.” Matthew 5:4:— “Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted.” ↩
- The three remaining sins to be purged away are Avarice, Gluttony, and Lust. ↩
- See Canto XIV 148. ↩
- Psalms 119:25:— “My soul cleaveth unto the dust: quicken thou me according to thy word.” ↩
- Know that I am the successor of Peter. It is Pope Adrian the Fifth who speaks. He was of the family of the Counts of Lavagna, the family taking its title from the river Lavagna, flowing between Siestri and Chiaveri, towns on the Riviera di Genova. He was Pope only thirty-nine days, and died in 1276. When his kindred came to congratulate him on his election, he said, “Would that ye came to a Cardinal in good health, and not to a dying Pope.” ↩
- Revelation 19:10:— “And I fell at his feet to worship him. And he said unto me. See thou do it not, I am thy fellow-servant.” ↩
- Matthew 22:30:— “For in the resurrection they neither marry, nor are given in marriage, but are as the angels in heaven.” He reminds Dante that here all earthly distinctions and relations are laid aside. He is no longer “the Spouse of the Church.” ↩
- Penitence; line 92:— “In whom weeping ripens / That without which to God we cannot turn.” ↩
- Madonna Alagia was the wife of Marcello Malespini, that friend of Dante with whom, during his wanderings he took refuge in the Lunigiana, in 1307. ↩